Ant Guide

Ants

Formicidae

Ants are social insects that live in highly organized colonies. With over 12,000 known species worldwide, they are among the most common household pests, invading homes in search of food, water, and shelter.

Close-up of ants showing their segmented bodies, bent antennae, and six legs
Explore 12 species of ants Jump to species list

Ants Identification Guide

Physical Characteristics

Ants are small insects with three distinct body segments: head, thorax, and abdomen. They have six legs, bent antennae, and powerful mandibles for carrying food and defending their colony. Most ants range from 1/16 to 1/2 inch in size, depending on the species. While many are black or brown, some species can have red, yellow, or even metallic-colored bodies.

Common Species

  • Odorous House Ants - Small, dark brown to black ants that emit a rotten coconut smell when crushed.

  • Pavement Ants - Brown to black ants that build nests in cracks of sidewalks and foundations.

  • Carpenter Ants - Large black ants that can cause structural damage by hollowing out wood to build nests.

  • Acrobat Ants - Small, reddish-brown ants that raise their heart-shaped abdomens when disturbed.

Ants Behavior and Biology

Ants are social insects that live in colonies with a caste system consisting of workers, soldiers, and queens. The colony can grow to massive numbers, ranging from a few dozen to millions. Ants communicate using pheromones, creating scent trails to food sources. Depending on the species, they may nest underground, in wood, or inside walls. Some ants, like carpenter ants, can be particularly destructive, tunneling through wood and weakening structures over time.

How We Treat for Ants

We take a two-step approach to eliminate ants and keep them from coming back:

  • Initial Treatment - A licensed technician inspects the interior and exterior of the home, identifying hotspots like kitchens, bathrooms, and basements. We apply a non-repellent insecticide in cracks and crevices so ants spread the material throughout their colony, eliminating it at the source. A perimeter treatment is applied outside, creating a barrier around your home.

  • Ongoing Maintenance - Because most ant control products break down in about 90 days, we return quarterly for maintenance treatments, reinforcing the barrier and preventing reinfestation. If you ever notice ants between visits, we provide free unlimited callbacks to retreat the issue at no additional cost.

Types of Ants

Click on any species below to learn more about identification, behavior, and control methods.

Close-up of an acrobat ant on a leaf showing its distinctive orange body and heart-shaped abdomen

Acrobat Ants

Crematogaster spp.

Acrobat ants are small ants known for raising their heart-shaped abdomens over their bodies when disturbed. They commonly nest in moist or decayed wood and can indicate underlying moisture problems in homes across North America.

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Close-up of a citronella ant worker showing its yellowish-brown coloration on soil

Citronella Ants

Lasius (Acanthomyops) spp.

Citronella ants are yellow to reddish-brown subterranean ants named for the lemon-like odor they release when crushed. They typically nest underground and are often mistaken for termites when their winged reproductives swarm indoors during late summer and fall.

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Close-up side view of a cornfield ant showing its light brown body and characteristic features

Cornfield Ants

Lasius neoniger

Cornfield ants are small, light-brown to dark-brown ants commonly found nesting in open lawns, fields, and sandy soils across eastern and midwestern North America. Also called 'Labor Day ants' due to their late-summer mating flights, they create shallow soil craters in lawns and are known for their relationship with aphids.

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Close-up of a longhorn crazy ant showing its characteristic long legs and antennae

Crazy Ants

Paratrechina longicornis

Fast-moving ants named for their erratic, unpredictable running patterns. Crazy ants do not follow organized trails and are known to invade structures in large numbers, nesting in wall voids, electronics, and anywhere with moisture.

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Close-up side profile of a field ant showing its distinctive reddish-brown and black coloring

Field Ants

Formica spp.

Field ants are medium to large ants that build conspicuous soil mounds in lawns, fields, and landscaped areas. Also known as mound ants, thatching ants, or wood ants, these outdoor-dwelling ants are common across North America and can become landscape nuisances when their mounds damage turf or interfere with mowing.

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Close-up macro photo of a red imported fire ant showing its reddish-brown coloring and body segments

Fire Ants

Solenopsis invicta

Aggressive stinging ants that build large mounds in yards. Fire ants are known for their painful stings that form white pustules and their rapid, aggressive response when their colony is disturbed.

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Close-up of little black ants tending aphids on a green plant stem

Little Black Ants

Monomorium minimum

Little black ants are tiny, shiny black ants that commonly invade homes in search of sweet and greasy foods. They form visible foraging trails and can nest both outdoors under stones and indoors in wall voids, making them a persistent nuisance pest across North America.

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Side profile of an odorous house ant showing its brown segmented body and characteristic single hidden petiole

Odorous House Ants

Tapinoma sessile

Odorous house ants are small brown to black ants named for the distinctive rotten coconut smell they produce when crushed. These common household invaders form large colonies with multiple queens and are among the most frequently encountered ant pests across North America.

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Top-down view of a pavement ant showing its dark brown body and distinctive parallel grooves on head and thorax

Pavement Ants

Tetramorium immigrans

Pavement ants are small dark brown to black ants commonly found nesting under sidewalks, driveways, and foundations. They create distinctive crater-like mounds of excavated soil and are known for their territorial battles in late spring. One of the most common ant pests in urban and suburban areas across North America.

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Close-up macro photograph of a pharaoh ant showing its characteristic golden-orange body and darker gaster

Pharaoh Ants

Monomorium pharaonis

Pharaoh ants are tiny, yellowish-brown ants that rank among the most difficult indoor pest ants to control in North America. Known for their ability to establish colonies in warm buildings year-round, these tropical ants are particularly problematic in hospitals, food facilities, and homes where they can contaminate food and spread bacteria.

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Close-up of an odorous house ant, commonly called a sugar ant, showing its dark brown body and segmented antennae

Sugar Ants

Tapinoma sessile

Sugar ants, also known as odorous house ants, are small dark brown to black ants that invade homes seeking sweet foods. They release a distinctive rotten coconut odor when crushed and are one of the most common ant pests in Northern Virginia.

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Close-up of a thief ant reproductive (alate) showing its characteristic yellow-orange body and translucent wings

Thief Ants

Solenopsis molesta

Thief ants are among the smallest household ant pests in North America, earning their name from their habit of stealing food and brood from neighboring ant colonies. These tiny yellow to light brown ants are often mistaken for pharaoh ants and can be difficult to control due to their preference for greasy, protein-rich foods.

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Common Questions about Ants

How do I know if I have an ant problem?

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Signs of an infestation include visible ant trails, piles of sawdust-like material (from carpenter ants), and food contamination in the kitchen. If you see ants frequently inside your home, they've likely established a colony nearby.

What attracts ants to my home?

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Food, moisture, and shelter. Ants are drawn to crumbs, sugary spills, pet food, and even water sources like leaky pipes. Keeping food sealed and fixing moisture issues can help reduce the risk of infestation.

Are carpenter ants dangerous?

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Carpenter ants don't eat wood like termites, but they tunnel through it, causing structural damage over time. If left untreated, they can weaken beams and supports in your home.

Can all ants sting or bite?

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Not all ants can sting, but all ants can bite with their mandibles. Only female ants in certain species (about 71 genera) possess a stinger, which is actually a modified egg-laying organ. Famous stinging species include fire ants and bullet ants. Many species that can't sting compensate by spraying formic acid or using their powerful mandibles for defense. Some species, like carpenter ants, combine biting with spraying formic acid into the wound to increase the effectiveness of their defense.

What's the difference between regular spray treatments and non-repellent treatments?

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Traditional sprays only kill the ants they touch, often causing the colony to relocate. We use non-repellent insecticides, which ants carry back to the nest, wiping out the entire colony at the source.

How much does ant control cost?

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Our ant treatment plans start around $39/month, plus a one-time setup fee. The exact price depends on the severity of the infestation and the size of your home.

Can I get rid of ants myself?

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DIY ant treatments often provide temporary relief, but they don't eliminate the colony. Over-the-counter sprays can actually make the problem worse by scattering ants, causing them to split into multiple nests (a process called budding).

What if I see ants after treatment?

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It's normal to see some activity in the first 7-10 days after treatment as the ants carry the insecticide back to the colony. If the problem persists, we'll come back at no extra cost to ensure the issue is resolved.

More Resources About Ants

Explore our guides and articles for more information about ants.

Explore Other Pest Categories

Browse our comprehensive pest library for identification guides and control information.

George Schulz
About the Author
George Schulz

With five years of hands-on experience in the pest control industry, George Schulz is a registered technician with the Virginia Pest Management Association and a proud third-generation professional in a family business that's been protecting homes for over 57 years.

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